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- WORLD, Page 61ETHIOPIAFizzled CoupBut Mengistu's position remains precarious
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- Pomp and circumstance was the order of the day at Addis Ababa's
- Bole International Airport as Ethiopia's Marxist President, Lieut.
- Colonel Mengistu Haile Mariam, gave a group of progovernment
- dignitaries a pep talk and then flew off for a four-day state visit
- to East Germany. But within a few hours of his departure early last
- week, a group of senior army officers were in revolt against
- Mengistu's rigidly Marxist twelve-year-old regime.
-
- The attempted coup began when rebel officers seized the Defense
- Ministry. Major General Haile Giorgis Habte Mariam, the Defense
- Minister, refused to join the revolt and was killed. There were
- reports of MiG-21s and helicopter gunships screeching over the
- capital and of tanks and armored personnel carriers converging on
- the ministry. Meanwhile, in Asmara, the northern provincial capital
- and Ethiopia's second largest city, Mengistu's Second Army, some
- 150,000 strong, was in mutiny. In sympathy with the rebellion, the
- Eritrean People's Liberation Front announced a two-week cease-fire
- in its 27-year-old war of secession.
-
- Within a day, Mengistu rushed home to restore control. He cut
- off his country from the outside world, closing airports and
- telecommunications lines. By week's end the President announced
- that the coup had failed and vowed that his forces would
- "liquidate" the traitors. According to the State Ruling Council,
- most of the conspirators had surrendered. But the toll of the
- insurrection was high: nine generals, including the air force
- commander and the army Chief of Staff, had died.
-
- Though he retains control for the moment, Mengistu's position
- is likely to remain precarious. His Soviet-supplied army is one of
- the largest and best equipped in Africa, but it has suffered what
- one Ethiopian officer called "disastrous, bloody chaos." Last March
- it was trounced by rebels from the Tigre People's Liberation Front,
- which has been fighting the government for twelve years. One year
- earlier, 19,000 government soldiers were routed by Eritrean forces.
-
- Army officers say they are demoralized by political mishandling
- of military affairs and by worries of eventual weapons shortages
- as Moscow pressures Mengistu to settle the civil war. Much of the
- civilian population would also like to see their leader deposed.
- People were particularly angered when Mengistu ordered the forced
- conscription of 100,000 boys, some as young as 13.